🌴 Zanzibar Prison Island (Changuu Island)
Zanzibar Prison Island, commonly known as Changuu Island, is a small but historically rich islet off the coast of Stone Town, the cultural heart of Zanzibar. Though its name evokes images of incarceration, the island has a complex and fascinating past — and today, it stands as a tranquil escape for nature lovers, history buffs, and beach seekers alike.
Historical Background
Origin of the Name: The island earned its name “Prison Island” from a jail built there in the late 1890s by the British colonial authorities. The prison was intended to hold violent and recidivist criminals from the mainland and the surrounding islands. However, the prison was never actually used for this purpose.
Quarantine Station: Instead of housing prisoners, the island was repurposed as a quarantine station for individuals suspected of carrying contagious diseases, particularly yellow fever. Ships arriving in Zanzibar with sick passengers were required to dock at Changuu Island so those infected could be isolated in the stone buildings still visible today.
Connection to the Slave Trade: Before the construction of the prison, the island had a darker role. It was used by Arab slave traders as a temporary holding area for enslaved people before they were taken to Zanzibar’s slave markets. This adds a sobering dimension to the island’s otherwise picturesque character.
Colonial Legacy: During British rule, Changuu became part of Zanzibar’s broader strategy to control the spread of disease and to sanitize the reputation of the archipelago as a trading hub. The colonial architecture from that era still survives, giving visitors a glimpse into the island’s past.
Key Attractions Today
Aldabra Giant Tortoises: One of the island’s main attractions is the population of Aldabra giant tortoises, a species native to the Seychelles. The first four tortoises were gifted in 1919 by the British governor of Seychelles. Over time, their population grew, and they are now protected in a dedicated sanctuary. Some tortoises weigh over 200 kilograms and are over 100 years old. Visitors can interact with them respectfully and even feed them.
Historic Buildings and Ruins: The old prison structure, although never used as a jail, still stands and is open to the public. Walking through the coral-stone ruins, visitors can learn more about the island’s transformation over time—from prison to quarantine station to tourist site.
Beaches and Blue Waters: The island’s beaches are peaceful and pristine, with soft white sand and crystal-clear turquoise waters. It’s a fantastic place to swim, sunbathe, or simply relax in a tranquil environment far from the bustle of Stone Town.
Snorkeling and Marine Life: Just off the coast of the island are vibrant coral reefs that make for excellent snorkeling. The shallow waters are home to colorful fish and other marine life, offering a rewarding experience for both beginners and seasoned snorkelers.
Scenic Views and Day Trips: The boat ride to the island takes around 20–30 minutes from Stone Town and offers stunning views of the ocean and the Stone Town skyline. Many tours include lunch, snorkeling, and a guided history tour, making it a well-rounded day excursion.
🔹 Visitor Tips
Best Time to Visit: The dry seasons (June to October and December to February) offer the best weather. The sea is calmer and clearer during these times, perfect for beach activities and snorkeling.
Entrance Fees: There’s typically a small entrance fee to access the island and the tortoise sanctuary. Most tour packages from Stone Town include this.
Respect the Wildlife: While the tortoises are accustomed to human interaction, it’s important to treat them gently and avoid sitting on them or disturbing them excessively.
What to Bring: Sunscreen, swimwear, water shoes, a camera, and snorkeling gear if not provided by your tour operator.